Learn Binary and Hexadecimal numbers

Binary is the basis of all computer components whether you the laptop/keyboard you are typing on right now or the smart phone just ringing on your desk or the set top box you are using to watch TV.
Everywhere is the binary.

-> But What is this BINARY actually?
Computer chips/microprocessor only understand the language which is either turn on or off. They can't understand your english, hindi or french. So technicians found the way to develop machines which could be programmed using this method and they developed binary!!

"Binary is an set of numbers which consist of only two digits 0 and 1 and has the base of 2."

The definition is little confusing cause we have only seen and counted everything in numbers where we had digits from 0 to 9. Here still have all those numbers but the only thing is that base has changed. You may probably be knowing the logarithmic functions where the base word is used, this base is the same thing.
Each of 1s and 0s are called bits in machines.

-> What is Hexadecimal number system ?
For convenient of humans, techies created a new number system hexadecimal.

"Hexadecimal consist of numbers from 0 to 9 and letters A to F and has base of 16"

Binary will not be to convenient for our general use cause it may make lots of confusions (bring me 111 bananas mean bring me 7 bananas and 111 bananas).

-> Then how do we represent numbers in binary and Hexadecimal ?
Here is the list of all natural numbers with there binary equivalent--

Binary Equivalent	Natural Number	Hexadecimal Equivalent
0000	0	0
0001	1	1
0010	2	2
0011	3	3
0100	4	4
0101	5	5
0110	6	6
0111	7	7
1000	8	8
1001	9	9
1010	10	A
1011	11	B
1100	12	C
1101	13	D
1110	14	E
1111	15	F

These are the only basic numbers till 15 in various systems. You can represent other numbers in binary and hex as well by knowing the correct sequence of numbers.

Don't worry If you couldn't understand it today. It takes a little practice to learn this.

Once you have learnt this table it'll be easy for you to learn 8085 in depth.

But wait is it convenient to represent all these numbers in such a way. If I'll ask what binary equivalent of 158, you won't be able to answer even I don't know by heart. And even machines take a bit longer to process big numbers.so what can we do to solve the problem.

For this we have BCD numbers (Binary Coded Decimal numbers). Here all the numbers are only represented in chunk of four bits. So it makes processing faster machine's and ours as well.

For this you don't need to remember anything else other than the table given above.

Lets take the same example again. 158 in binary is 0001 0101 1000.

And for converting into hex divide it by 16 and write the quotient and remainder in sequence.

158/16=9 and remainder is E(14), so hex equivalent will be 9E for 158.

Lets move ahead!!